*The amount you can contribute to a traditional (or Roth) IRA depends on your income and IRS limits.
**Withdrawals from a Roth IRA are tax-free if you’re age 59½ or older and have held the account for at least 5 years; withdrawals taken prior to 59½ or 5 years may be subject to ordinary income tax or a 10% penalty tax, or both. The 5-year holding period for Roth IRAs starts on the earlier of: (1) the date you first contributed directly to the Roth IRA, (2) the date you rolled over a Roth 401(k) or Roth 403(b) to the Roth IRA, or (3) the date you converted a traditional IRA to the Roth IRA. If you’re under age 59½ and you have one Roth IRA that holds proceeds from multiple conversions, you’re required to keep track of the 5-year holding period for each conversion separately.
***Tax-loss harvesting involves certain risks, including, among others, the risk that the new investment could have higher costs than the original investment and could introduce portfolio tracking error into your accounts. There may also be unintended tax implications. We recommend that you consult a tax advisor before taking action.
†We recommend that you consult a tax advisor if you have questions about your tax-filing status. Additionally, Vanguard Digital Advisor considers your personal circumstances to determine which of the available tax strategies best fits your personalized investment plan.
††Vanguard Digital Advisor received the top rating for “Best Robo-Advisor for Low-Cost Investing” for 2023 among 16 other robo-advisors selected by NerdWallet. NerdWallet evaluated each provider across the following weighted criteria as of October 1, 2022, to determine the winner for low costs: management fees (50%), expense ratios on investments (40%), and account fees (10%). NerdWallet also selected Vanguard Digital Advisor for the 2021 award based on November 16, 2020, data and the 2022 award based on October 1, 2021, data. Additional details about NerdWallet’s methodology are available on their website. Current fees may vary for Digital Advisor and the other robo-advisors considered. Although Vanguard compensates NerdWallet for marketing services, NerdWallet’s opinions and evaluations are independent and unrelated to the selection of Digital Advisor for this award. ©2017-2023 and TM, NerdWallet, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest.
Vanguard does not provide tax or legal advice. This information is general in nature and should not be considered tax or legal advice. We recommend you consult with a tax or legal advisor about your individual situation.
Although tax-exempt mutual funds usually produce lower yields, you generally don’t have to pay federal taxes on earnings from tax-exempt money market and bond funds.
Although the income from municipal bonds held by a fund is exempt from federal tax, you may owe taxes on any capital gains realized through the fund’s trading or through your own redemption of shares. For some investors, a portion of the fund’s income may be subject to state and local taxes, as well as to the federal alternative minimum tax.